To Permanent Representatives of Member and Observer States of the United Nations Human Rights Council, Geneva, Switzerland

Burundi: Call to renew the mandate of the Commission of Inquiry  

Excellencies,

Ahead of the 39^th session of the UN Human Rights Council (“HRC” or “the Coun­cil”), we, the undersigned national, regional and international civil society organisations, write to urge your delegation to support a resolution renewing the mandate of the UN Commission of Inquiry (CoI) on Burundi.[1] Such a resolution should also ensure continuity for the work of the CoI through continued adequate resourcing of its secretariat, including its crucial investigative and evidence-gathering work.

The renewal of the CoI’s mandate is critically important to improve the human rights situation in Bu­rundi, and it offers the Council a number of practical and effective advantages. Among other things, it would allow the Council to:

• Avoid a monitoring gap, which is all the more important given the Burundian Government’s ongoing refusal to cooperate with the Office of the UN High Com­missioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and to sign a new Memo­randum of Under­standing regarding its presence in the coun­try;[2]
• Ensure the continued documentation of human rights violations and abuses ahead of the upco­ming elections of 2020, through testimonies of victims, wit­nesses, human rights defenders, and other actors ope­ra­ting in and outside of the country;
• Ensure ongoing public reporting and debates — while the African Union’s observers continue to monitor the human rights situation in Burundi despite a number of limitations imposed by the authorities, their findings are not publicly reported. Interactive dialogues at the Coun­cil provide the only regular space for public reporting and debates on human rights developments in the country; and
• Enable the CoI to continue to highlight under-addressed aspects of the crisis — for instance, the Com­mis­sion has stressed the importance of dedicating more attention to violations of economic, social and cul­tural rights.

At the Council’s 36^th session (September 2017), the CoI informed the HRC that there were “reasonable grounds to believe that serious human rights violations and abuses have been committed in Burundi since 2015,” and that some of the violations may constitute “crimes against humanity.” At the 37^th and 38^th sessions of the Council (March and June-July 2018), the CoI described a political, security, econ­omic, social and human rights situation that has not improved since September 2016. In March 2018, the Com­mission’s Chairperson, Mr. Doudou Diène, stressed that the situation in the country con­tinued to deserve the Council’s “utmost attention.” In October 2017, the International Criminal Court (ICC) autho­rised an investigation into crimes committed in Burundi since April 2015. A pre­liminary exam­ination of the situation had been opened in April 2016.

The constitutional referendum that was held on 17 May 2018 was marred with violence and repression, with arbitrary arrests, beatings and intimidation of citizens cam­paigning for a “no” vote.[3] The BBC and VOA, two of the country’s main international radio stations, have been suspended for 6 months at the start of the official campaign, illustrating the climate of fear in which journalists and medias were pre­vented from a proper coverage of the event.[4] In the Com­mission’s words, as of June 2018 “human rights violations, among which extrajudicial executions, enforced disap­pear­ances, acts of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment […], facilitated by a conti­nuing environment of threats and intimidation,” continue unabated. The CoI added: “The fact that several missing peo­ple have not been found and that unidentified bodies continue to be discovered in various parts of the country gives reason to fear the continuation of practices consisting of getting rid of the bodies of people arrested sometimes by individuals in police uniform or identified as agents of the National Intelligence Service (SNR) or the Imbonerakure.”[5]

Since it became a member of the Council, on 1 January 2016, Burundi has delivered multiple state­ments that have made clear its refusal to cooperate with human rights monitoring and investigation bodies and mechanisms. The Government has repeatedly launched attacks, which have sometimes des­cen­ded to a personal level, against the High Commissioner, UN officials, and inde­pendent experts. With no basis or evidence, it has publicly questioned the independence, competence, professionalism, inte­grity and legitimacy of High Commissioner Zeid and his Office, and has threatened, stigmatised, and exer­cised reprisals against human rights defenders and civil society organisations.[6] Burundians who have sought protection outside of Burundi have been subjected to harassment and persecution, including by members of the National Intelligence Service (SNR) and Imbonerakure.

Members of the CoI continue to be denied access to Burundi. Furthermore, at the time of wri­ting, the Burundian authorities have withdrawn visas from the team of experts mandated by HRC resolution 36/2, despite the fact that the latter was adopted at Burundi’s own initiative, with its sup­port and the support of members of Burundi’s own regional group. Burundi’s action in this regard clearly violates its Council membership obligations.

Recalling the letter a group of civil society organisations wrote in Sep­tember 2017,[7] we urge the Council, consistent with its mandate to address situations of violations of human rights, in­cluding gross and systematic violations, to pave the way for accountability by renew­ing the mandate of the CoI to enable it to continue monitoring human rights deve­lopments in the country, docu­men­ting viola­tions and abuses, and publicly reporting on the situation.

We thank you for your attention to these pressing issues and stand ready to provide your delegation with further information as required.

Sincerely,

• Action des Chrétiens pour l’Abolition de la Torture – Burundi (ACAT-Burundi)
• African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies (ACJPS)
• Amnesty International
• Association Burundaise pour la Protection des Droits Humains et des Personnes Détenues (APRODH)
• Association for Human Rights in Ethiopia (AHRE)
• Centre for Civil and Political Rights (CCPR)
• CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation
• Coalition Burundaise pour la Cour Pénale Internationale (CB-CPI)
• Collectif des Avocats pour la Défense des Victimes de Crimes de Droit International Commis au Burundi (CAVIB)
• Community Empowerment for Progress Organisation South Sudan (CEPO)
• DefendDefenders (the East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Project)
• East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Network (EHAHRD-N)
• Eritrean Law Society (ELS)
• Eritrean Movement for Democracy and Human Rights (EMDHR)
• Forum pour la Conscience et le Développement (FOCODE)
• Forum pour le Renforcement de la Société Civile au Burundi (FORSC)
• Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect (GCR2P)
• Human Rights Concern – Eritrea
• Human Rights Watch
• International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH)
• International Federation of Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture (FIACAT)
• International Movement Against All Forms of Discrimination and Racism (IMADR)
• International Service for Human Rights (ISHR)
• Ligue Iteka
• Mouvement Citoyen pour l’Avenir du Burundi (MCA)
• Mouvement des Femmes et des Filles pour la Paix et la Sécurité (MFFPS)
• National Coalition of Human Rights Defenders – Burundi (CBDDH)
• Observatoire de la Lutte contre la Corruption et les Malversations Économiques (OLUCOME)
• Organisation pour la Transparence et la Gouvernance (OTRAG)
• Pan-African Human Rights Defenders Network
• Reporters Without Borders (RSF)
• Réseau des Citoyens Probes (RCP)
• SOS-Torture/Burundi
• TRIAL International
• Union Burundaise des Journalistes (UBJ)
• World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT)

[1] See its webpage: www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/CoIBurundi/Pages/CoIBurundi.aspx

[2] See the UN Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights’ statement at the Council’s 37^th session (OHCHR, “Introduction to country reports/briefings/updates of the Secretary-General and the High Commissioner under item 2,” 21-22 March 2018, www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22875&LangID=E, accessed 20 July 2018).

[3] FIDH and Ligue Iteka, “A forced march to a Constitutional Referendum,” May 2018, www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/report_burundi_may2018_referendum_on_constitution.pdf(accessed 27 July 2018).

[4] Reporters Without Borders, “Harassment of Burundi’s media intensifies for referendum,” 16 May 2018, www.rsf.org/en/news/harassment-burundis-media-intensifies-referendum# (accessed 7 August 2018).

[5] OHCHR, “Oral briefing by the members of the Commission of Inquiry on Burundi to the Human Rights Council,” 27 June 2018, www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23274&LangID=E(accessed 20 July 2018).

[6] See DefendDefenders, “Headlong Rush: Burundi’s behaviour as a member of the UN Human Rights Council,” 25 July 2018, www.defenddefenders.org/publication/headlong-rush-burundis-behaviour-as-a-member-of-the-un-human-rights-council/ (accessed 25 July 2018).

[7] “Renewing the Mandate of the Commission of Inquiry on Burundi and Ensuring Accountability for Serious Crimes,” 19 September 2017, www.defenddefenders.org/press_release/hrc36-renewing-the-mandate-of-the-commission-of-inquiry-on-burundi-and-ensuring-accountability-for-serious-crimes/(accessed 30 July 2018).

À l’attention des Représentants permanents des États Membres et Observateurs du Conseil des droits de l’homme de l’ONU, Genève (Suisse) 

Burundi : Appel au renouvellement du mandat de la Commission d’enquête

Madame, Monsieur la(le) Représentant(e) permanent(e),

En amont de la 39^ème session du Conseil des droits de l’homme de l’ONU (« CDH » ou « Conseil »), nous soussignées, des organisations nationales, régionales et internationales de la société civile, vous écrivons afin d’exhorter votre délégation à soutenir une résolution renouvelant le mandat de la Commission d’enquête (CoI) des Nations Unies sur le Burundi[1]. Une telle résolution devrait également assurer une continuité au travail de la CoI par le biais d’un financement adéquat conti­nu de son secrétariat, y compris son travail crucial d’enquête et de rassemblement de preuves.

Le renouvellement du mandat de la CoI est d’une importance capitale pour améliorer la situation des droits humains au Burundi. Il offrirait un certain nombre d’avantages pratiques et concrets. Entre autres, il permettrait au Conseil :

• D’éviter un vide en termes de surveillance de la situation (« monitoring»), ce qui est d’autant plus important que le Gouvernement burundais continue de refuser de coopérer avec le Bureau du Haut-Commissaire des Nations Unies aux droits de l’homme (HCDH) et de signer un nouveau Mémorandum d’ac­cord concernant la présence de ce dernier dans le pays[2] ;
• De rendre possible une documentation continue des violations et des atteintes aux droits humains en amont des élections de 2020, via des témoignages de victimes, de témoins, de défenseurs des droits humains et d’autres acteurs opérant dans le pays et à l’extérieur ;
• De s’assurer que des rapports continuent à être présentés publiquement et que des débats ont lieu — alors que les observateurs de l’Union africaine poursuivent leur travail de surveillance de la situation au Burundi en dépit d’un certain nombre de restrictions imposées par les autorités, leurs conclusions ne sont pas rendues publiques. Les dialo­gues inter­actifs se tenant pendant les ses­sions du Conseil fournissent le seul espace régulier de discussion publique des dévelop­pe­ments en matière de droits humains dans le pays ; et
• De permettre à la CoI de continuer à faire la lumière sur certains aspects sous-documentés de la crise — par exemple, la Commission a signalé l’importance de dédier une attention plus impor­tante aux violations des droits économiques, sociaux et culturels.

Pendant la 36^ème session du Conseil (septembre 2017), la CoI a informé le CDH qu’elle avait des « mo­tifs raisonnables de croire que de graves violations et atteintes aux droits de l’homme avaient été com­mises au Burundi depuis 2015 » et que certaines de ces violations pourraient être constitutives de « crimes contre l’humanité́ ». Lors des 37^ème et 38^ème sessions du Conseil (mars et juin-juillet 2018), la CoI a décrit une situation politique, sécuritaire, économique, sociale et en termes de droits humains qui ne s’est pas améliorée depuis septembre 2016. En mars 2018, le président de la Commission, M. Dou­dou Diène, a souligné que la situation du pays continuait de requérir l’attention « urgente » du Conseil. En octobre 2017, la Cour pénale internationale (CPI) autorisait l’ouverture d’une enquête sur les crimes commis au Burundi depuis avril 2015. Un examen préliminaire de la situation avait été́ ouvert en avril 2016.

Le référendum constitutionnel qui s’est tenu le 17 mai 2018 a été marqué par les violences et la répres­sion, avec notamment des arrestations arbitraires, des tabassages et des actes d’intimidation des citoyens faisant campagne pour le « non »[3]. La BBC et VOA, deux des principales radios internationales, ont été suspendues pour six moins dès le début de la campagne référendaire qui s’est déroulée dans un climat de peur généralisée, empêchant les journalistes d’exercer librement leur mission d’information.[4] Selon la Commission, en juin 2018, des « violations des droits de l’homme, parmi lesquelles des exécutions extrajudiciaires, des disparitions forcées, des actes de torture et autres mauvais traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants […], favorisées par un climat continu de menaces et d’intimidations », continuent à être commises sans relâche. La CoI a ajouté : « Le fait que plusieurs personnes disparues n’aient pas été retrouvées et que des corps non identifiés continuent d’être décou­verts dans divers endroits du pays font craindre la persistance de pratiques consistant à se débarrasser des corps des personnes parfois arrêtées par des individus en uniforme de la police ou identifiés comme étant des agents du Service national de renseignement (SNR) ou des Imbonerakure »[5].

Depuis qu’il est devenu membre du Conseil, le 1^er janvier 2016, le Burundi a à de multiples reprises lu des déclarations indiquant clairement son refus de coopérer. Le Gouvernement a régulièrement lancé des attaques, descendant parfois à un niveau personnel, contre le Haut-Commissaire, des représentants de l’ONU et des experts indépendants. Il a publiquement et sans aucune base mis en cause l’indé­pen­dance, la compétence, le professionnalisme, l’intégrité et la légitimité du Haut-Commissaire Zeid et de son Bureau, et il a menacé et stigmatisé des défenseurs des droits humains et des organisations de la société civile, et s’est livré à des représailles à leur encontre[6]. Un certain nombre de Burundais ayant cherché protection et refuge à l’étranger ont été soumis à des actes de harcèlement et de persécution, notamment par des membres du Service national de renseignement (SNR) et des Imbonerakure.

Les membres de la CoI continuent de se voir refuser l’accès au Burundi. En outre, au moment où cette lettre est écrite, les autorités burundaises ont retiré leurs visas à l’équipe d’experts mandatée par la résolution 36/2 du CDH, en dépit du fait que celle-ci a été adoptée à l’initiative du Burundi et avec son soutien et celui de membres de son groupe régional. Le comportement du Burundi à cet égard est clairement en violation de ses obligations de membre du Conseil.

Tout en rappelant la lettre qu’un groupe d’organisations de la société civile a écrite en septembre 2017[7], nous exhortons le Conseil, conformément au mandat qui lui a été conféré de répondre aux violations des droits de l’homme, notamment lorsque celles-ci sont flagrantes et systématiques, à préparer le terrain à la reddition de comptes en renouvelant le mandat de la CoI afin de lui permettre de continuer à suivre les développements dans le pays, à rassembler des informations sur les violations et atteintes commises et à faire rapport de façon publique sur la situation.

Nous vous remercions de l’attention que vous porterez à ces préoccupations et nous tenons prêts à fournir à votre délégation toute information supplémentaire dont vous auriez besoin. Nous vous prions de croire, Madame, Monsieur, en l’assurance de notre respectueuse considération.

• Action des chrétiens pour l’abolition de la torture – Burundi (ACAT-Burundi)
• African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies (ACJPS)
• Amnesty International
• Association burundaise pour la protection des droits humains et des personnes détenues (APRODH)
• Association pour les droits humains en Éthiopie (AHRE)
• Centre pour les droits civils et politiques (CCPR)
• CIVICUS : World Alliance for Citizen Participation
• Coalition burundaise pour la Cour pénale internationale (CB-CPI)
• Coalition burundaise des défenseurs des droits de l’homme (CBDDH)
• Collectif des avocats pour la défense des victimes de crimes de droit international commis au Burundi (CAVIB)
• Community Empowerment for Progress Organisation (Soudan du Sud) (CEPO)
• DefendDefenders (le Projet des défenseurs des droits humains de l’Est et de la Corne de l’Afrique)
• Eritrean Law Society (ELS)
• Fédération internationale des droits de l’Homme (FIDH)
• Fédération internationale de l’Action des chrétiens pour l’abolition de la torture (FIACAT)
• Forum pour la conscience et le développement (FOCODE)
• Forum pour le renforcement de la société civile au Burundi (FORSC)
• Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect (GCR2P)
• Human Rights Concern – Eritrea
• Human Rights Watch
• Ligue Iteka
• Mouvement citoyen pour l’avenir du Burundi (MCA)
• Mouvement érythréen pour la démocratie et les droits humains (EMDHR)
• Mouvement des femmes et des filles pour la paix et la sécurité (MFFPS)
• Mouvement international contre toutes les formes de discrimination et de racisme (IMADR)
• Observatoire de la lutte contre la corruption et les malversations économiques (OLUCOME)
• Organisation mondiale contre la torture (OMCT)
• Organisation pour la transparence et la gouvernance (OTRAG)
• Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF)
• Réseau des citoyens probes (RCP)
• Réseau des défenseurs des droits humains de l’Est et de la Corne de l’Afrique (EHAHRD-N)
• Réseau panafricain des défenseurs des droits de l’homme
• Service international pour les droits de l’Homme (SIDH)
• SOS-Torture/Burundi
• TRIAL International
• Union burundaise des journalistes (UBJ)

[1] Voir le site Internet de la CoI : www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/CoIBurundi/Pages/CoIBurundi.aspx

[2] Voir le discours de la Haute-Commissaire adjointe des Nations Unies aux droits de l’homme lors de la 37^ème session du Conseil (HCDH, « Introduction to country reports/briefings/updates of the Secretary-General and the High Commissioner under item 2 », 21-22 mars 2018, www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22875&LangID=E (consulté le 20 juillet 2018).

[3] FIDH et Ligue Iteka, « Référendum constitutionnel à marche forcée au Burundi », mai 2018, www.fidh.org/fr/regions/afrique/burundi/burundi-une-reforme-constitutionnelle-repressive-pour-concentrer-les (consulté le 27 juillet 2018).

[4] Reporters Sans Frontières, « Burundi : les journalistes sous haute pression pour le référendum constitutionnel », rsf.org/fr/actualites/burundi-les-journalistes-sous-haute-pression-pour-le-referendum-constitutionnel, 16 mai 2018 (consulté le 7 août 2018).

[5] HCDH, « Présentation orale de la Commission d’enquête sur le Burundi au Conseil des droits de l’homme », 27 juin 2018, www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23274&LangID=F(consulté le 20 juillet 2018).

[6] Voir DefendDefenders, « Fuite en avant : Le comportement du Burundi en tant que membre du Conseil des droits de l’Homme de l’ONU », 25 juillet 2018, www.defenddefenders.org/publication/headlong-rush-burundis-behaviour-as-a-member-of-the-un-human-rights-council/#French (consulté le 25 juillet 2018).

[7] “Renewing the Mandate of the Commission of Inquiry on Burundi and Ensuring Accountability for Serious Crimes,” 19 septembre 2017, www.defenddefenders.org/press_release/hrc36-renewing-the-mandate-of-the-commission-of-inquiry-on-burundi-and-ensuring-accountability-for-serious-crimes/(consulté le 20 juillet 2018).

To Permanent Representatives of Member and Observer States of the UN Human Rights Council

Geneva, Switzerland

4 September 2018

Re: Addressing the serious human rights and humanitarian situation in Sudan

Excellencies,

We write to you in advance of the 39^th Session of the United Nations Human Rights Council to share our serious concerns over the human rights and humanitarian situation in Sudan. We call upon your delegation to support the development and adoption of a strong monitoring and reporting mandate on Sudan under the Council’s agenda item 4. The resolution should mandate a Special Rapporteur to monitor, verify and report on ongoing human rights violations and abuses as well as violations of international humanitarian law, recommend concrete ways to end them, and urge the Government of Sudan to implement the recommendations made to it by UN human rights bodies and mechanisms, including mechanisms mandated by the Council.

Our organizations are concerned about the suppression of peaceful protests by government security forces with unlawful use of excessive force, attacks on the media and impermissible restrictions on access to information, targeting of various civil society actors including human rights defenders, activists, journalists, bloggers and other dissenting voices with threats, intimidation, harassment, arbitrary detention and trumped-up criminal prosecutions, other restrictions on independent civil society, use of torture and other ill-treatment by national security officials, and on-going violations in the conflict areas of Darfur, South Kordofan and Blue Nile.

The recent decision to downsize UNAMID amidst continuing fighting and attacks on civilians, including internally displaced persons (IDPs)[1] is deeply troubling.  Recent attacks on civilians underscore the need for continued monitoring of the human rights situation in Darfur.[2] For example, from 9 March – 2 April 2018, at least 23 civilians were killed and tens seriously injured when 12 villages were burnt to the ground during attacks in Eastern Jebel Marra between the government forces and the Sudan Liberation Movement led by Abdelwahid al Nur (SLA-AW).[3] Sexual violence continues with impunity.[4] On 19 December 2017, a 16 year old girl and a 19 year old woman were held at gunpoint and raped repeatedly by six armed militiamen as they were out gathering firewood three kilometres from the internally displaced persons (IDPs) camp in Nertiti town, Central Darfur state.[5]

Following declaration of ceasefires by the Government of Sudan and the two factions of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement /Army– North ( SPLM/A-N) led by Abdelaziz Adam El Hilu and Malik Agar, the government has largely refrained from aerial bombardments and ground attacks. Whilst there have been no reports of open hostilities between the armed forces, monitors on the ground have reported incidents of looting of property and abductions by armed militias allied to the Government of Sudan. These incidents, which may amount to ceasefire violations, have contributed to food insecurity and remain a serious concern for communities in South Kordofan and Blue Nile.[6]

Sudanese authorities have also continued to restrict basic freedoms of assembly and association through violent crackdowns on peaceful protesters and other restrictions on civil society organizations and on independent voices. Authorities have harassed journalists, human rights defenders and opposition party members, including through arbitrary and prolonged detention, sometimes in unknown locations, without charge and access to their families and lawyers.[7] On 29 May 2018, Mr. Hisham Ali Mohamad Ali, a human rights activist, was detained by the NISS upon arrival at the Khartoum International Airport following his deportation from Saudi Arabia. Mr. Hisham is still in detention without charge.[8]  Authorities have continued to subject detainees to torture and other ill-treatment in custody,[9] causing the death of two individuals in two  instances in March and April 2018.[10]

The Government of Sudan has also imposed restrictions on the movement of activists engaging in advocacy internationally. In August 2018, two members of the Darfur Bar Association were briefly detained and their passports confiscated in the Khartoum airport upon their return to Sudan after they accompanied the Secretary General of the DBA, Abdelrahman Elgasim, to the US to accept an award from the American Lawyers’ Association for his work on behalf of human rights in Darfur.

Restrictions on the media continue, especially during protests.[11]  The national security agency has continued to apply post-print censorship to daily newspapers and prohibit chief editors from publishing on issues deemed controversial or critical of the ruling party.[12]

Sudanese authorities also routinely repress the human rights of women, including through public order provisions that criminalize “indecent” dress such as wearing trousers. Ms. Winnie Omer, a women’s rights activists based in Khartoum was first targeted on 10 December 2017, when the public order police in Khartoum arrested and charged her with “indecent dress” a few hours after she attended a hearing of 24 women charged with indecency for wearing pants during a private women-only party.^[13]

Authorities have also relied on other repressive laws and various forms of harassment, including sexual harassment, to target activists. On 20 February 2018, Ms. Omer and three friends were arrested and detained for five days before being released on bail. The group was accused of, amongst other charges, prostitution, and Ms Omer and another female human rights defender were threatened with “virginity testing”.

On 24 July 2018, eight additional charges including crimes against the state were added to their case files. There has been no explanation as to the basis for the charges; however the trumped-up charges appear to be motivated by Omer’s activism.^[14]

Authorities charged and sentenced to death 19 year old Noura Hussien for the murder of her husband in self-defense after he attempted to rape her for the second time alongside three other men.[15] The case raised serious concerns about Sudan’s imposition of the death penalty and its gender discriminatory laws that allow forced and early marriage, marital rape and weak victim protection measures, placing victims at risk of prosecution.[16] The death sentence was later reversed and Ms. Hussein re-sentenced to five years imprisonment and the payment of dia (blood money) to her husband’s family.

Freedom of religion or belief continues to be restricted in Sudan. On 11 February 2018, authorities demolished a Sudanese Evangelical Presbyterian Church (SEPC) in El Haj Yousif, Khartoum North, without notice.[17] The SPEC was one of 27 churches earmarked for demolition in an official order signed in June 2016.  In July 2017, the Ministry of Education of Khartoum State issued an order requiring Christian schools in Khartoum state to operate on Sundays and take Friday and Saturday as their weekend, restricting their ability to observe religious ceremonies on Sundays. [18]

Given the downsizing of UNAMID, and the continuing violations across the country, it is imperative that the UN Human Rights Council take stronger action to ensure continued attention to the human rights situation in Sudan. Resolutions adopted by the Council since it decided to move consideration of Sudan from its agenda item 4 to item 10 have failed to adequately reflect the situation on the ground and outline a meaningful path for accountability and human rights reforms. At its 39th session, the Council should adopt a resolution under agenda item 4 to:

• Strengthen the special procedure mandate on Sudan by extending it as a Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Sudan under item 4, with a mandate to monitor, verify, and publicly and periodically report on violations and abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law in all parts of Sudan;
• Publically urge the Government of Sudan to implement the recommendations made to Sudan by UN human rights bodies and mechanisms, including mechanisms mandated by the Council and the 2016 Universal Periodic Review and to provide a mid-term report to the Council on concrete measures taken to implement the recommendations made to it during its UPR that enjoy its support, and the recommendations made by the Independent Expert during his 2017 report;
• Condemn attacks targeting the civilian population and civilian objects in Darfur, South Kordofan, and Blue Nile, in particular looting, destruction of civilian facilities, killings and sexual violence committed by paramilitary forces and other Sudanese government forces, which has led to forced displacement of civilian populations;
• Urge the government of Sudan to allow unfettered access by UNAMID, humanitarian agencies and concerned NGOs to all parts of Darfur, South Kordofan and Blue Nile;
• Urge the Government to ensure accountability for excessive use of force against protesters, which caused civilian deaths during crackdowns including in 2018 in El Geneina, West Darfur and Zalingei, Central Darfur; in 2016 in El Obeid, North Kordofan and Khartoum; in 2013 in Khartoum and Wad Medani; and in 2012 in Nyala, South Darfur and Al Jazeera.
• Condemn the continued restrictions on the media, on human rights defenders and political opponents, freedoms of association and of peaceful assembly, and the use of arbitrary detention and torture, as detailed;
• Condemn the ongoing violations of freedom of religion and repression of individuals based on their faith;
• Call for the release of all those arbitrarily detained by the NISS and urge the Government of Sudan to repeal the repressive National Security Act of 2010, and all other legislation which grants immunities to Government of Sudan agents and protection from criminal prosecution.

We thank you for your attention to these pressing issues.

Sincerely,

1. Act for Sudan
2. African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies
3. African Freedom Coalition
4. African Soul, American Heart
5. Alkarama Foundation
6. Al-Khatim Adlan Centre for Enlightenment and Human Development (KACE)
7. Amnesty International
8. Arab Coalition for Sudan
9. Brooklyn Coalition for Darfur & Marginalized Sudan
10. Christian Solidarity Worldwide
11. Darfur Action Group of South Carolina
12. Darfur and Beyond
13. Darfur Community Center of Maine, USA
14. DefendDefenders
15. Genocide No More — Save Darfur
16. Horn of Africa Civil Society Forum
17. Human Rights Watch
18. International Federation for Human Rights Leagues (FIDH)
19. Investors Against Genocide
20. Massachusetts Coalition for Darfur
21. National Human Rights Monitoring Organisation
22. Never Again Coalition
23. Nuba Mountains Advocacy Group
24. Nubia Project
25. NY Coalition for Sudan
26. Stop Genocide
27. Sudan Democracy First Group
28. Sudanese Human Rights Initiative
29. Sudan Social Development Organisation (SUDO) UK
30. The MagkaSama Project, France
31. The Society for Threatened Peoples

[1] ACJPS, Attacks by Sudanese government forces on civilians in Jebel Marra in South Darfur, 18 April 2018, available at: http://www.acjps.org/attacks-by-sudanese-government-forces-on-civilians-in-jebel-marra-in-south-darfur/

[2] Human Rights Watch, Sudan: UN’s Planned Cuts to Darfur Mission Risk Rights Protection, 18 June 2018, available at: https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/06/18/sudan-uns-planned-cuts-darfur-mission-risk-rights-protection

[3] Ibid

[4] UN Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict Ms. Pramila Patten Concludes Visit to Sudan and Calls for End to Culture of Denial for Conflict-Related Sexual Violence, 27 February 2018, available at: https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/press-release/special-representative-of-the-secretary-general-on-sexual-violence-in-conflict-ms-pramila-patten-concludes-visit-to-sudan-and-calls-for-end-to-culture-of-denial-for-conflict-related-sexual-violence/

[5] ACJPS, Government allied militia gang rape a 16-year-old girl and a woman in Nertiti, Central Darfur state, 19 December 2017, available at: http://www.acjps.org/government-allied-militia-gang-rape-of-16-year-old-girl-and-a-woman-in-nertiti-central-darfur-state/

[6] NHRMO, Human Rights Update: September 2017 – February 2018, available at: http://www.sudanconsortium.org/member_publications/2018/HRUpdate092017to022018.pdf

[7] HRW, Don’t Be Taken in By Sudan Prisoner Release, 10 April 2018, available at: https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/04/10/dont-be-taken-sudan-prisoner-release;  ACJPS, Sudan should charge or release remaining 248 individuals in prolonged detention, 16 April 2018, available at: http://www.acjps.org/sudan-should-charge-or-release-remaining-248-individuals-in-prolonged-detention/

[8] Amnesty International, Sudan: Human rights activist arbitrarily detained and at risk of torture must be immediately released, 31 May 2018, available at: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/05/sudan-human-rights-activist-arbitrarily-detained-and-at-risk-of-torture-must-be-immediately-released/

[9] ACJPS, Two students reportedly tortured in West Kordofan state, 6 December 2017, available at: http://www.acjps.org/two-students-reportedly-tortured-in-west-kordofan-state/

[10] ACJPS, Urgent call for investigation into the custodial death of civilian whilst under SAF/RSF detention in East Jebel Marra, South Darfur, 24 April 2018, available at: http://www.acjps.org/urgent-call-for-investigation-into-the-custodial-death-of-civilian-whilst-under-safrsf-detention-in-east-jebel-marra-south-darfur-2/; ACJPS, Individual dies after reportedly tortured while in NISS custody in West Kordofan,  9 March 2018, available at: http://www.acjps.org/individual-dies-after-reportedly-tortured-while-in-niss-custody-in-west-kordofan/

[11] ACJPS, 6 newspapers prevented from distribution and a media house faces a two-day suspension, available at: 30 November 2016, http://www.acjps.org/6-newspapers-prevented-from-distribution-and-a-media-house-faces-a-two-day-suspension/; ACJPS, UPDATE: 4 newspapers continue to face post-print censorship as Sudanese authorities repeatedly prevent the distribution of their daily print runs, 3 December 2017, available at: http://www.acjps.org/update-4-newspapers-continue-to-face-post-print-censorship-as-sudanese-authorities-repeatedly-prevent-the-distribution-of-their-daily-print-runs/; CPJ, Sudan arrests journalists, confiscates papers for reporting on inflation protests, 18 January 2018, available at: https://cpj.org/2018/01/sudan-arrests-journalists-confiscates-papers-for-r.php

[12] In May 2018, the NISS ordered chief editors of Sudanese publications not to publish any content relating to the prevailing fuel crisis within the region. ACJPS, Violations against free press and freedom of expression in Sudan, May/June 2018, 3 July 2018, available at: http://www.acjps.org/violations-against-free-press-and-freedom-of-expression-in-sudan-mayjune-2018/

[13] Human Rights Watch, Activist faces trumped-up charges in Sudan, 27 July 2018, https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/07/27/activist-faces-trumped-charges-sudan; Radio Dabanga, Trial of activist in ‘indecent clothing’ case adjourned, 19 December 2017, https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/trial-of-activist-in-indecent-clothing-case-adjourned

[14] Op. cit., Human Rights Watch, Activist faces trumped-up charges in Sudan.

[15]Amnesty International, Sudan: Forcibly married, raped girl sentenced to death: Noura Hussein, 15 May 2018, available at: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr54/8404/2018/en/; ACJPS, #JusticeforNoura: Sudanese authorities should release Noura Hussein and review conviction for murder, 28 May 2018, available at: http://www.acjps.org/justicefornoura-sudanese-authorities-should-release-noura-hussein-and-review-conviction-for-murder/

[16] Amnesty international, Sudan: Quashing of Noura Hussein death sentence must now lead to legal reform, 26 June 2018, available at: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/06/sudan-quashing-of-noura-hussein-death-sentence-must-now-lead-to-legal-reform/

[17] CSW,  Sudanese Government demolishes church, 14 February 2018, available at: https://www.csw.org.uk/2018/02/14/press/3841/article.htm

[18] CSW, Protests against forced Sunday opening for schools, 11 October 2017, available at: https://www.csw.org.uk/2017/10/11/press/3744/article.htm

To Permanent Representatives of Member and Observer States of the United Nations Human Rights Council, Geneva, Switzerland

Tanzania: Open letter to States for joint action to address crackdown on civic space and prevent a further deterioration of the situation

Excellency,

Ahead of the 39^th regular session of the UN Human Rights Council (“the Council”), which will be held from 10-28 September 2018, we write to call on your delegation to deliver statements, both jointly and individually, to address the ongoing crackdown on civic space and human rights backsliding in the United Republic of Tanzania.

Considering the rapidly declining environment for human rights defenders (HRDs), civil society, journalists, bloggers, the media and dissenting voices in Tanzania, we, the undersigned non-governmental organisations (NGOs), make a joint appeal to Member and Observer States of the Council. At the 39^th session, States should urge the Tanzanian Government to change course, cease any form of intimidation, harassment and attacks against HRDs, journalists, bloggers, and opposition members and their supporters, and amend restrictive laws and regulations with a view to bringing them in line with international human rights standards.

Since 2015, Tanzania has implemented newly-enacted draconian legislation and applied legal and extra-judicial methods to harass HRDs, silence independent journalism and blogging, and restrict freedoms of expression, peaceful assembly, and association.

We call on your delegation to make use of the following agenda items^[1] to raise concern, jointly and individually, and to engage in a constructive dialogue with the Tanzanian authorities:

• General debate (GD) under item 2, following the High Commissioner’s update;
• General debate under item 3, in relation to reports of the High Commissioner and the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR);
• General debate under item 4;
• General debate under item 10; and
• Interactive dialogues (IDs) with the Working Group on arbitrary detention and the Working Group on enforced or involuntary disappearances.
• Additionally, bilateral and collective engagement in multilateral fora such as the Council and at the embassy level, in Tanzania, should be used to raise relevant issues with the Government.

Through these opportunities for dialogue, your delegation can help the Council fulfil its responsibility to “address situations of violations of human rights […] and make recommendations thereon” and to “contribute, through dialogue and cooperation, towards the prevention of human rights violations and respond promptly to human rights emergencies.”^[2]

The 39^th session should be leveraged to help prevent a further deterioration of the human rights situation in Tanzania and send the Tanzanian Government a message that the international community expects it to uphold its citizens’ human rights, in line with its obligations and the country’s history of openness, engagement, and respect for human rights.

We thank you for your attention to these pressing issues and stand ready to provide your delegation with further information.

Sincerely,

1. African Centre for Democracy and Human Rights Studies (ACDHRS)
2. Africans Rising for Justice, Peace & Dignity
3. ARTICLE 19
4. Association for Human Rights in Ethiopia (AHRE)
5. Association for Progressive Communications (APC)
6. Caucasus Civil Initiatives Center
7. Сenter for Civil Liberties – Ukraine
8. CEPO – South Sudan
9. CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation
10. Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Southern Africa (CIPESA) – Uganda
11. Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)
12. Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative
13. Conectas Human Rights – Brazil
14. DefendDefenders (The East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Project)
15. FIDH, within the framework of the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders
16. Freedom House
17. Global Witness
18. HAKI Africa, – Kenya
19. Human Rights Concern – Eritrea
20. HURISA – South Africa
21. International Civil Society Center
22. JOINT Liga de ONGs em Mocambique – Mozambique
23. La Ligue Burundaise des droits de l’homme Iteka – Burundi
24. Southern Africa Litigation Centre (SALC)
25. Réseau Ouest Africain des Défenseurs des Droits Humains/West African Human Rights Defenders Network (ROADDH/WAHRDN)
26. Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights
27. Observatoire des droits de l’homme au Rwanda – Rwanda
28. Odhikar – Bangladesh
29. World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT), within the framework of the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders
30. Zambia Council for Social Development (ZSCD) – Zambia

SPECIFIC PROPOSALS FOR ACTION AT THE COUNCIL’S 39^TH REGULAR SESSION

Tanzania’s long-standing commitment to improving the human rights of all people, both nationally and within the region, is notable and should be acknowledged as such. However, the country has witnessed a rapid shrinking of its civic space over the last three years.

Since 2015, a number of laws and regulations, which include the Electronic and Postal Communications Act (2010) and Online Content Regulations (2018), the Statistics Act (2015), the Cybercrimes Act (2015), the Media Services Act (2016), and the Access to Information Act (2016), provide authorities with overbroad powers to restrict, with little judicial oversight and inadequate legal safeguards, citizens’ exercise of their human rights.

HRDs, NGO members, journalists, bloggers and other independent or critical voices have been charged with vaguely-worded offences. Several of the abovementioned laws were rushed through Parliament, adopted without meaningful consultations, and quickly implemented by law enforcement authorities.

Political opposition has also come under attack, with new restrictions, such as a blanket ban on political rallies, significantly hampering its ability to function effectively and promote its platform. Since the start of 2018, political opposition members and parliamentarians have been violently attacked and even killed, including Mr. Godfrey Luena, an MP for main opposition party Chama Cha Demokrasia Na Maendeleo (CHADEMA), and Mr. Daniel John, a CHADEMA official in Dar es Salaam.

Civil society actors have also suffered harassment, stigmatisation and unlawful restrictions to their rights to express themselves, peacefully assemble, and associate. For instance, in 2017, two HRDs, Mr. Onesmo Olengurumwa and Mr. Baraka John, were arrested, detained and charged with “criminal trespass” following a raid on a book launch event held on private premises. Regarding public gatherings, police and security forces have de facto turned what is legally a notification regime into an authorisation regime.

A number of independent media outlets have been banned, suspended or sentenced to hefty fines, resulting from, and in increased, censorship and self-censorship. Between June and October 2017, the Tanzanian Government banned four newspapers for periods of between 90 days and 24 months on specious allegations.^[3] In January 2018, the Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority imposed hefty fines on five television stations accusing them of unbalanced reporting in connection to their coverage of allegations of human rights abuses.^[4] Freedom of expression online has been threatened by March 2018 regulations that force bloggers to comply with draconian regulations and pay high registration fees.^[5]

A report^[6] published during the 38^th session of the Council documents patterns of repression and offers an overview of the major trends affecting civic space in the country, highlighting the need for the international community to act to prevent a further deterioration of the situation. At a parallel event held last June, a group of NGOs raised the alarm and called on the Council to respond to Tanzania’s suppression of civic space – an early warning sign of a mounting human rights crisis – on the basis of its prevention mandate.

In May 2018, a group of over 65 civil society organisations (CSOs) wrote to President Magufuli to express their concerns over a rapidly deteriorating environment for the media, HRDs, and opposition members.^[7] The CSOs wrote that the above-mentioned patterns and incidents and “other forms of harassment and persecution of civil society and media […] erode Tanzania’s role as a regional champion of public freedoms, peace and stability and represent a breach of its international, national and regional human rights obligations and commitments.” In just two years, Tanzania lost 22 ranks (from 71^st to 93^rd) in Reporters Without Borders’ World Press Freedom Index.^[8]

The Council should now speak out. States should, with one voice, raise concern over Tanzania’s backsliding on human rights. A joint statement would go a long way towards sending the Government a constructive, but strong, message that it must change course regarding issues affecting civic space. A joint statement would be all the more effective since Tanzania has historically been subjected to little multilateral attention – which reflected its relatively positive human rights record in the sub-region.

Such a statement could be delivered under items 2, 3, 4 or 10, as outlined below. At the Council’s 39^th session, the following opportunities may be used to raise the critical issues highlighted in this letter:

General debates (GDs)

Last February, the European Union Delegation in Dar es Salaam raised concerns over “recent developments which threaten democratic values and the rights of Tanzanians” and the “rising number of reports of violence.”^[9] Other stakeholders have also voiced concerns over human rights developments.^[10]

In Geneva, States should follow suit by using the following opportunities to speak, jointly and individually, on the human rights situation in Tanzania:

• GD under item 2 (Update by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights):
  This agenda item is used to highlight significant (positive or negative) human rights developments around the world and in specific countries. Tanzania’s crackdown is representative of a wider trend: an increasingly shrinking space for HRDs, civil society and the media as a result of the use of legal and extra-legal means to unduly restrict freedoms of opinion and expression, peaceful assembly and association. Concerns over developments in Tanzania, which since its independence, in 1961, has been peaceful in a region characterised by political instability, should be raised in response to the High Commissioner’s update on global trends, keeping in mind the possible regional implications of a mounting crisis in Tanzania;

• GD under item 3:
  At the Council’s 39^th session, a number of reports that are relevant to civic space in Tanzania will be considered, including: (i) the report of the High Commissioner on mechanisms concerned with ensuring the safety of journalists, (ii) the report of the High Commissioner on the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, and (iii) the report of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) on the draft guidelines on the effective implementation of the right to participation in public affairs.

The first report is an opportunity to ask the Tanzanian Government to provide the public with an update on the case of Mr. Azory Gwanda, a journalist who has been missing since November 2017 and whose disappearance may be related to his investigative activities. In a debate on the second report, concerns could be raised over “national security” legislation and the claims that are made by law enforcement authorities, including in Tanzania, that unspecified “terrorist” and other security threats justify the denial of citizens’ and civil society organisations’ requests to hold peaceful gatherings.^[11] Lastly, in line with Council resolutions on equal participation in public affairs, States should call on the Tanzanian Government to allow the holding of public gatherings, including political oppositions rallies, which have been subjected to a blanket ban;

• GD under item 4 (Human rights situations that require the Council’s attention):
  Although the undersigned organisations do not believe that, at this point, Tanzania deserves to be formally considered under the same agenda item as countries with some of the gravest human rights records (including neighbouring Burundi), a diplomatically-worded statement under item 4, which would refer to the Council’s prevention mandate and the need for Tanzania to engage in dialogue and cooperation and to take corrective action before the situation spirals out of control, could make a useful contribution to sending the Government the right message; and

• GD under item 10 (Technical assistance and capacity-building):
  Tanzania should be urged to accept advisory services to review and amend its legislation in order to bring it in line with its constitutional and international obligations, as well as to review and amend policies and practices, in particular those used by law enforcement officials and regulatory authorities working with civil society and the media.

Under any of these items, States should also encourage Tanzania to extend a standing invitation to all special procedure mandate-holders and to accept pending requests for a visit. They should ask that Tanzania follow suit on the invitation extended by its Ambassador to the UN Office at Geneva, H.E. Dr. James Msekela, to the Special Rapporteur on freedoms of peaceful assembly and association to visit the country.^[12]

Interactive dialogues (IDs)

Interactive dialogues are opportunities to highlight specific human rights issues and call on States, including Tanzania, to take corrective action on the basis of expert analysis and advice offered by OHCHR, special procedure mandate-holders, and other human rights experts.

At the Council’s 39^th session, the following debates will be held. They should be used to raise concerns over human rights developments in Tanzania:

• ID with the Working Group on arbitrary detention:
  Over the years, the Working Group has interpreted its mandate broadly, and criteria determining whether the detention of individuals is arbitrary, and whether the Working Group has jurisdiction over cases of detention, are wide.^[13] Recent developments in Tanzania, including the holding, without any legal basis, of civil society members participating in public or private gatherings, fall within the Working Group’s jurisdiction; and

• ID with the Working Group on enforced or involuntary disappearances:
  This debate is an opportunity to raise the case of journalist Azory Gwanda,^[14] at a minimum by calling on the Government to re-commit to investigating the case and to providing the public with an update on the status of the investigation. The latter should be impartial, effective, thorough, and transparent. Investigators should be provided with adequate financial means to conduct an inquiry that is in line with Tanzania’s obligations and international standards.

Bilateral and collective engagement

In multilateral fora such as the Council, as well as through their Embassies or High Commissions, in Dar es Salaam, States should raise relevant human rights issues with the Tanzanian Government. Established diplomatic channels, as well as fora for dialogue and cooperation, such as relevant sector groups of Tanzania’s Development Partners Group, can be used to raise concerns over human rights developments, which if the situation evolves towards a full-fledged human rights crisis, will adversely affect other bi- and multilateral matters, including development aid, trade, and investment.

^[1] See the annex for more detailed proposals for action, as well the report and letter referenced in footnotes 3 and 4.

^[2] UN General Assembly resolution 60/251, paras. 3 and 5(f).

^[3] CIVICUS et al., “Tanzania: Civil society groups express concern over rapid decline in human rights,” 10 May 2018, www.civicus.org/index.php/media-resources/media-releases/open-letters/3163-civil-society-groups-express-concern-over-worrying-human-rights-decline-in-tanzania, accessed 2 August 2018.

^[4] Committee to Protect Journalists, “Tanzania slaps fines on 5 TV stations after they report on alleged human rights abuses,” 12 January 2018,

cpj.org/2018/01/tanzania-slaps-fines-on-5-tv-stations-after-they-r.php, accessed 2 August 2018.

^[5] Committee to Protect Journalists, “Tanzania forces forums, blogs, and streaming websites to comply with draconian regulations,” 12 June 2018,

cpj.org/2018/06/tanzania-forces-forums-blogs-and-streaming-website.php, accessed 2 August 2018.

^[6] DefendDefenders, “Spreading Fear, Asserting Control: Tanzania’s assault on civic space,” 26 June 2018, www.defenddefenders.org/publication/spreading-fear-asserting-control-tanzanias-assault-on-civic-space/, accessed 30 July 2018.

^[7] CIVICUS et al., op. cit.

^[8] Tanzania-related analysis available at: rsf.org/en/tanzania

^[9] “Local EU Statement on the rise in politically-related violence and intimidation in Tanzania,” 23 February 2018, eeas.europa.eu/delegations/tanzania/40327/local-eu-statement-rise-politically-related-violence-and-intimidation-tanzania_en, accessed 19 July 2018.

^[10] See for instance US Embassy in Tanzania, “Statement of Concern about Politically-Related Violence,” 15 February 2018, tz.usembassy.gov/statement-concern-politically-related-violence/, accessed 19 July 2018.

^[11] See DefendDefenders, op. cit.

^[12] The invitation was made on 26 June 2018, at an event organised by DefendDefenders and CIVICUS.

^[13] See www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Detention/Pages/Complaints.aspx

^[14] See cpj.org/data/people/azory-gwanda/index.php

To Permanent Representatives of Member States of the UN General Assembly

18 September 2018

Member States of the UN should refrain from voting for candidates to the Human Rights Council that are unfit for membership

Excellencies,

Ahead of the next UN Human Rights Council (“HRC” or “the Coun­cil”) election, we, the undersigned national, regional, and international civil society organisations, write to urge your delegation to refrain from voting for candidates that blatantly fail to fulfil the Council membership standards outlined in UN General Assembly (UNGA) resolution 60/251.

Paragraphs 8 and 9 of resolution 60/251 state that the UNGA:

8. Decides that the membership in the Council shall be open to all States Members of the United Nations; when electing members of the Council, Member States shall take into account the
   con­tri­bu­tion of candidates to the promotion and protection of human rights and their voluntary pledges and commitments made thereto […];
9. Decides also that members elected to the Council shall uphold the highest standards in the
   pro­mo­tion and protection of human rights [and] fully cooperate with the Council […].

We are concerned that several of the States that are running for election fail to fulfil minimal requi­re­ments with regard to both the pro­motion and pro­tection of human rights and cooperation with the Council and other UN human rights bodies and mech­anisms. Some of these candidates show a pattern of non-cooperation with the UN human rights system and attacks against UN Special Procedure Man­date-Holders that is in­compatible with Council membership. Furthermore, some of this year’s candi­da­tes have engaged in acts of in­ti­midation and repri­sals against human rights defenders and civil society organisations, who play a key role in the Council’s work. Voting for these can­didates would undermine the Council’s credibility and institutional integrity.

We urge you to treat human rights considerations and the substantive Council membership criteria out­lined in resolution 60/251 as paramount in electing members to the Council, rather than engaging in vote trading or privileging political considerations over fundamental human rights.

In October 2018, the next HRC election will determine which States sit as Members of the Council in the next three years (2019-2021). Considering that States must receive a simple majority of votes (i.e., 97) to be elected, that voting takes place by secret ballot, and that electing States are under no obligation to vote for each and every can­didate within a regional group, we urge your dele­gation to simply refrain from voting for unfit candidates. Doing so will require leaving the ballot blank for those candidate States your delegation considers unfit.

Sincerely,

African Centre for Democracy and Human Rights Studies (ACDHRS)
African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies (ACJPS)
Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB)
ARTICLE 19
Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA)
Asian Legal Resource Centre (ALRC)
Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD)
Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies
Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales (CELS)
CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation
Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI)
Conectas Direitos Humanos
Connection e.V., Germany
DefendDefenders (the East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Project)
EEPA
Eritrea Focus
Eritrean Diaspora in East Africa (EDEA)
Eritrean Law Society (ELS)
Eritrean Movement for Democracy and Human Rights (EMDHR)
Geneva for Human Rights (GHR)
Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect
Global Initiative for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Horn of Africa Civil Society Forum
Human Rights Association / İnsan Hakları Derneği (İHD)
Human Rights Concern – Eritrea (HRCE)
Human Rights House Foundation
Human Rights Law Centre
Human Rights Watch
Information Forum for Eritrea (IFE)
International Commission of Jurists
International Federation of Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture (FIACAT)
International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH)
International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU)
International Movement Against All Forms of Discrimination and Racism (IMADR)
International Service for Human Rights
Network of Eritrean Women
PEN Eritrea
Reporters Without Borders (RSF)
Southern Africa Human Rights Defenders Network (SAHRDN)
World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT)
Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights (ZLHR)

À l’attention des Représentants permanents des États Membres de l’Assemblée générale des Nations Unies

18 septembre 2018

Les États Membres de l’ONU devraient s’abstenir de voter en faveur de candidats au Conseil des droits de l’homme qui n’en remplissent pas les critères d’appartenance

Mesdames, Messieurs les Représentants permanents,

En amont de la prochaine élection au Conseil des droits de l’homme de l’ONU (« le CDH » ou « le Conseil »), les organisations nationales, régionales et internationales de la société civile soussignées vous écrivent afin d’exhorter votre délégation à s’abstenir de voter en faveur de candidats qui échouent de façon flagrante à remplir les critères d’appartenance au Conseil qui sont listés dans la ré­solution 60/251 de l’Assemblée générale de l’ONU (AGNU).

Les paragraphes 8 et 9 de la résolution 60/251 prévoient en effet que l’AGNU :

8. Décide que tous les États Membres de l’Organisation des Nations Unies pourront être candidats à un siège au Conseil ; lors de l’élection des membres du Conseil, les États Membres prendront en considération le concours que chaque candidat a apporté à la cause de la promotion et de la
   dé­fen­se des droits de l’homme et les contributions volontaires qu’il a annoncées et les engagements qu’il a pris en la matière […] ;

9. Décide également que les membres élus du Conseil observeront les normes les plus strictes en matière de promotion et de défense des droits de l’homme [et qu’ils] coopéreront pleinement avec le Conseil […].

Nous sommes inquiets du fait que plusieurs des États ayant présenté leur candidature cette année ne remplissent pas les exigences minimales relatives à la fois à la promotion et à la protection des droits de l’homme et à la coopération avec le Conseil et d’autres organes et mécanismes onusiens relatifs aux droits de l’homme. Certains de ces candidats ont fait preuve de façon récurrente d’une attitude de non-co­opération avec le système onusien des droits de l’homme, voire d’attaques à l’encontre des ti­tu­laires de mandats au titre des Procédures spéciales – un comportement qui est incompatible avec la qualité de membre du Conseil. En outre, certains des candidats s’étant fait connaître cette année se sont livrés à des actes d’inti­mi­dation et de représailles contre des défenseurs des droits de l’homme et des organisations de la société civile, lesquels jouent un rôle clef dans le travail du Conseil. Voter en faveur de ces candi­dats affaiblirait la crédibilité et l’intégrité institutionnelle de ce dernier.

Nous vous exhortons à considérer comme étant de la plus haute importance les considérations en ma­tiè­re de droits de l’homme et les critères substantiels d’appartenance au Conseil listés dans la réso­lu­tion 60/251, lors de l’élection de ses membres, plutôt que de vous livrer à des échanges de votes ou de pri­­vi­légier des considérations politiques par rapport aux droits et aux libertés fondamentales.

En octobre 2018, la prochaine élection au CDH déterminera quels États occuperont un siège de Membre du Conseil lors des trois prochaines années (2019-2021). Considérant que les États doi­vent obtenir une majorité simple de votes (soit 97) pour être élus, que le vote se tient par bul­le­tin secret, et que les États électeurs n’ont aucune obligation de voter pour chacun des can­didats concourant au sein d’un groupe régional, nous exhortons votre délégation à s’ab­stenir de voter pour les candidats ne remplissant pas les critères d’appartenance au Conseil. Agir en ce sens néces­sitera ainsi de laisser blanc le bulletin des États candidats que votre délégation considère comme étant inadaptés.

Nous vous remercions et vous prions de croire, Madame, Monsieur le Représentant-e
permanent-e, en l’assurance de notre respectueuse considération.

African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies (ACJPS)
Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB)
ARTICLE 19
Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA)
Asian Legal Resource Centre (ALRC)
Association des droits humains / İnsan Hakları Derneği (İHD)
Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD)
Centre africain pour la démocratie et les études des droits de l’Homme (ACDHRS)
Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales (CELS)
CIVICUS : Alliance mondiale pour la participation citoyenne
Commission internationale de juristes
Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI)
Conectas Direitos Humanos
Connection e.V. (Allemagne)
DefendDefenders (le Projet des défenseurs des droits humains de l’Est et de la Corne de l’Afrique)
Diaspora érythréenne en Afrique de l’Est (EDEA)
EEPA
Eritrea Focus
Eritrean Law Society (ELS)
Fédération internationale des ACAT (Action des chrétiens pour l’abolition de la torture) (FIACAT)
Fédération internationale des droits de l’Homme (FIDH)
Genève pour les droits de l’Homme
Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect
Global Initiative for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Horn of Africa Civil Society Forum
Human Rights Concern – Eritrea (HRCE)
Human Rights House Foundation
Human Rights Law Centre
Human Rights Watch
Information Forum for Eritrea (IFE)
Institut du Caire pour l’étude des droits de l’Homme (CIHRS)
Mouvement érythréen pour la démocratie et les droits humains (EMDHR)
Mouvement international contre toutes les formes de discrimination et de racisme (IMADR)
Network of Eritrean Women
Organisation mondiale contre la torture (OMCT)
PEN Érythrée
Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF)
Service international pour les droits de l’Homme
Southern Africa Human Rights Defenders Network (SAHRDN)
Union internationale humaniste et éthique (IHEU)
Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights (ZLHR)

750+ organisations highlight the vital role of the UN High Commissioner in calling out violators

As local, national, regional, and international civil society organizations from every corner of the world, we offer warm congratulations on your appointment as United Nations (UN) High Commissioner for Human Rights.

We are committed to a world in which every person enjoys human rights and dignity and in which our communities are fair, just and sustainable. We consider that a strong High Commissioner, working in strategic partnership with independent civil society, can contribute significantly to the realization of this vision.

You take up office at a time when human rights are under attack and when we risk the reversal of many of the achievements of the modern human rights movement. We look to you in these troubled times to be an unwavering voice in the defence of human rights, and of victims, rights-holders and human rights defenders around the world.

On every continent, the rights of individuals, communities and peoples are being violated and abused by governments and non-state actors, often with complete impunity. Civil society, peaceful dissidents, and the media are often brutally silenced. The role of your Office in ensuring robust monitoring of, and reporting on, such situations is essential for curbing violations and deterring further abuse, as well as for ensuring justice and accountability. Technical-assistance and capacity building by the OHCHR is also critical and, to be effective, should be approached holistically alongside a rigorous assessment of the rights challenges in the country, including through key indicators to measure progress and assess the degree of engagement and cooperation by the State.

As High Commissioner, you have a unique role to play in bringing country situations of concern to the attention of the UN Human Rights Council and other UN bodies, particularly situations that may not be on their agenda or which receive limited attention, often because of political pressure. This role should extend to providing briefings to the Security Council on situations either on its agenda or that, if left unattended, could represent a threat to international peace and security. Monitoring missions and inter-sessional briefings to the HRC can be initiated at the High Commissioner’s prerogative, on the basis of your Office’s universal mandate, bringing attention to neglected country situations and contributing towards the achievement of the Council’s mandate to prevent human rights violations.

We are aware that the position of High Commissioner comes with its own challenges. Many States will insist you avoid “naming and shaming” and push you to engage in “quiet diplomacy” and to respect national sovereignty. Often, those most intolerant of criticism and most forceful in suppressing dissent will speak the loudest in seeking to mute your voice. Survivors, victims and defenders on the front line in countries where their rights are being violated will rely on you as a human rights champion, to have the courage and conviction to call out violators clearly and publicly, even when it’s challenging or unpopular with governments.

Globally, the rights essential to civic space are being systematically undermined. Civil society and human rights defenders face severe daily risks in their struggle to defend human rights on the ground, including imprisonment, asset-freezes, defamatory campaigns, torture, enforced disappearance, and even death. Risks are also present in the UN context, where individuals frequently face intimidation, harassment or reprisals for their engagement with the UN. We urge you to be a staunch defender of the rights of defenders both on the ground and at the UN, to publicly call out violators, and to undertake or push for investigations into attacks and reprisals. We also encourage you to take full advantage of the distinct, often innovative complementary role of civil society to the work of the OHCHR, and ensure the Office works closely with civil society as a strategic partner at the national, regional, and international levels.

Currently, the human rights framework itself is under unparalleled attack. Authoritarian populists are attacking the universality of human rights, disproportionately and unlawfully restricting rights in the purported interests of “national security,” often tacitly or openly encouraging attacks by their followers or vigilantes on rights defenders as well as the vulnerable and poor, while selectively interpreting human rights and seeking to co-opt or subvert human rights mechanisms to suit their political agendas. Safeguarding and strengthening universal human rights norms and mechanisms should be a core responsibility of the High Commissioner.

The current climate highlights the need for a strong public advocacy role for your mandate in the defence of international human rights law and the international human rights system, as well as a strong role internally within the UN to mainstream respect for human rights throughout the work of UN organs and agencies, and within the Sustainable Development Agenda.

Once again, we congratulate you on your new role, and stand ready to support you and your Office in the fulfilment of your vital mandate.

The Djiboutian government’s replies to the recommendations it received during its May 2018 review give rise to doubt, rather than confi­den­ce, said the East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Project (DefendDefenders) and the Djiboutian Observatory for the Promotion of
Demo­cracy and Human Rights (ODDH) today. Fol­lowing the adoption of the report on the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of Djibouti by the UN Human Rights Council, DefendDefenders and ODDH highlight the government’s inappro­priate con­tentment with accepting vague recommendations and the lack of consistency of some of its re­plies.

“We fear that the inconsistencies we identified in Djibouti’s replies re­flect a lack of political will on the part of the government to implement its obligations,” said Hassan Shire, Execu­tive Director, DefendDefenders. “It is particularly worrying that the government accepted to ‘prevent the use of excessive force against civilians,’ yet refused to accept a more precise recommendation on ‘improving training programmes for security forces to put an end to acts of violent repression of peaceful demonstrations’.”

Doublespeak may also be evident in the fact that in April this year, Kadar Abdi Ibrahim was briefly de­tai­ned and his passport confiscated by the Documentation and Security Service (SDS) after he took part in UPR “pre-sessions” in Geneva. Since then, he has been unable to leave the country. Before the UN, Djibouti accepted recommendations pertaining to the fight against acts of threats, ha­rass­ment and intimidation committed against hu­man rights defenders.

“The authorities should immediately return Kadar Abdi Ibrahim’s passport to him,” said Farah Abdillahi Miguil, President, ODDH. “In accordance with its human rights obligations, Djibouti should allow all independent actors – including human rights defenders,
jour­na­lists, bloggers, trade unions and non-governmental organisations – to carry out their
peace­ful activities free from hindrance.”

Additionally, Djibouti accepted to ratify international legal instru­ments. It should therefore com­ply with this commitment and ratify the International Convention for the Pro­tect­ion of All Per­sons from Enforced Disappearance and the International Convention on the Pro­tection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.

DefendDefenders and ODDH regret that Djibouti refused to extend a “standing invitation” to all special procedures of the Human Rights Council – independent experts who are tasked with
as­sess­ing and reporting on specific rights and freedoms. Djibouti is one of the few states that have ne­ver received any visit from a special procedure mandate-holder.[1]A visit request by the Special Rapporteur on freedoms of peaceful assembly and association, which the latter formulated in 2011, remains unanswered.

The fact that Djibouti committed to implement nine recommendations already accep­ted during its UPR, in 2013, can only lead to caution. At the time, Djibouti committed to implement these
rec­om­mendations, related to freedom of expression, ac­cess to information, and freedom of assembly, however it is yet to comply. We urge Dji­bou­ti to walk the talk and implement meaningful re­forms in line with its obligations and com­mit­ments.

The UPR is a process set up by the Human Rights Council, the UN’s principal human rights bo­dy. The human rights record of every UN member state is reviewed every four-and-a-half to five years, in Geneva, Switzerland, a process during which the government of the state under re­view receives recommendations made by its peers. NGOs can participate in the process by sub­mitting alternative reports, such as the oneDefendDefenders co-signed, and engaging in advocacy at the na­tional and UN levels.

For more information, please contact:

– Farah Abdillahi Miguil, President, Djiboutian Observatory for the Promotion of Democracy and Human Rights (ODDH) (Djibouti), [email protected] / +253 77 82 58 58 (French)

– Nicolas Agostini, Representative to the UN for DefendDefenders (Geneva), [email protected] / +41 79 813 49 91 (English, French)

DJIBOUTI: IL FAUT METTRE EN OEUVRE LES RECOMMANDATIONS ONUSIENNES EN MATIÈRE DE DROITS HUMAINS

Les réponses du gouvernement de Djibouti aux recommandations reçues lors de son examen de mai 2018 suscitent davantage de craintes que de confiance, ont déclaré DefendDefenders et l’Observatoire djiboutien pour la promotion de la démo­cratie et des droits humains (ODDH) aujourd’hui. À la suite de l’adoption du rap­port sur l’Examen périodique universel (EPU) de Djibouti par le Conseil des droits de l’homme de l’ONU, DefendDefenders et l’ODDH soulignent que le gouverne­ment s’est borné à accepter des recommandations vagues, ainsi que le manque de cohérence entre cer­taines de ses réponses.

« Nous craignons que les incohérences relevées dans les réponses de Djibouti ne reflètent un manque de volonté politique du gouver­ne­ment de mettre en œuvre ses obligations », a dé­c­laré Hassan Shire, Directeur exécutif de Defend­Defenders. « Il est particulièrement
inquié­tant que le gouvernement ait accepté de ‘prévenir l’usage excessif de la force contre des ci­vils’, mais qu’il ait rejeté la recommandation, plus précise, l’appelant à ‘améliorer les
prog­ram­­mes de formation des forces de sé­cu­rité́ pour mettre fin aux actes de répression violente de ma­ni­festations pacifiques’ ».

Signe d’un certain double discours, en avril dernier, après sa participation aux « pré-sessions » de l’EPU à Genève, Kadar Abdi Ibrahim a été́ brièvement détenu et son passeport confisqué par des agents du Service de la documentation et de la sécurité (SDS). Il se trouve depuis dans
l’impos­si­bilité de quit­ter le pays. Devant l’ONU, Djibouti a pourtant accepté des re­com­man­da­tions portant sur la lutte contre les actes de menaces, de harcèlement et d’intimidation à l’encontre des dé­fen­seurs des droits humains.

« Les autorités devraient immédiatement rendre son passeport à Kadar Abdi Ibra­him », a dit Farah Abdillahi Miguil, Président de l’ODDH. « Conformément à ses obligations en ma­tiè­re de droits humains, Djibouti doit également permettre à tous les acteurs indé­pen­dants – défenseurs des droits humains, journalistes, blogueurs, syn­dicats, organisations non
gou­ver­nementales – de mener leurs activités pacifiques sans entraves ».

Djibouti a en outre accepté de ratifier des instruments juridiques internatio­naux. Il devrait mettre en œuvre cet engagement en ratifiant la Convention internationale pour la pro­tection de toutes les personnes contre les disparitions forcées et la Convention internationale sur la protec­tion des droits de tous les travailleurs migrants et des membres de leur famille.

DefendDefenders et l’ODDH regrettent que Djibouti ait refusé d’offrir une « invitation ouverte et permanente » aux procédures spéciales du Conseil des droits de l’homme – des experts
indé­pen­dants chargés d’évaluer et de faire rapport sur le respect de droits et de libertés spécifiques. Dji­bouti est l’un des rares États à n’avoir jamais reçu la moindre visite d’un titulaire de mandat de procé­dure spéciale[2], et la demande de visite formulée par le Rapporteur spécial sur la liberté de réunion pacifique et d’association, formulée en 2011, reste à ce jour sans réponse.

Le fait que Djibouti se soit engagé à mettre en œuvre neuf recom­mandations déjà acceptées lors de son EPU de 2013 doit inciter à la prudence. Djibouti s’était engagé à appli­quer ces
re­com­man­dations, qui portent sur la liberté d’expression, l’accès à l’information et sur le droit à la liberté de réunion, il y a cinq ans, mais elles sont restées lettre morte. Nous exhor­tons Dji­bou­ti à passer des paroles aux actes et à mettre en œuvre des réformes réelles, confor­mé­ment à ses obligations et à ses engagements.

L’EPU est un processus mis en place par le Conseil des droits de l’homme, l’organe principal des Nations Unies en charge des droits humains. Tous les quatre ans et demi à cinq ans, à Genève (Suisse), la situation en matière de droits humains de chaque État membre de l’ONU est examinée. L’État qui est soumis à cet examen reçoit des recommandations de ses pairs. Les ONG peuvent participer au processus en soumettant des rapports alternatifs, comme celui co-signé par DefendDefenders, et en menant des actions de plaidoyer aux niveaux national et onusien.

Pour davantage d’informations, contacter :

– Farah Abdillahi Miguil, Président, Observatoire djiboutien pour la promotion de la démocratie et des droits humains (ODDH) (Djibouti), [email protected] / +253 77 82 58 58 (français)

– Nicolas Agostini, Représentant auprès des Nations Unies, DefendDefenders (Genève), [email protected] / +41 79 813 49 91 (anglais, français)

[1] Djibouti received experts on the human rights situation in Somalia and Eritrea but it has never accepted any visit request by other mandate holders, concerning its own human rights situation. See: www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Statesnotyetvisited.aspx

[2] Djibouti a reçu des experts sur la situation des droits humains en Somalie et en Érythrée, mais n’a jamais accepté de visite d’autres experts, concernant sa propre situation. Voir www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Statesnotyetvisited.aspx

Geneva-Kampala, 28 September 2018 — The Burundian government’s attempts to obs­truct the work of the UN Human Rights Council (the Council) are futile as they will not pre­vent accountability for grave human rights violations, DefendDefenders (the East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Project) said after the Council adopt­ed a resolu­tion on Burundi’s human rights situation today. The resolution extends the mandate of the Com­mis­sion of Inquiry (CoI) to investigate Burundi’s human rights situation and regularly re­port to the Council.

“Throughout its term as a member of the Council, to which it should never have been elected, Burundi has refused to cooperate with the UN,” said Has­san Shire, Execu­tive Di­rec­tor, DefendDefenders. “The Burundian authorities’ near-complete de­nial will nei­ther stop ongoing in­vestigations nor slow down efforts to advance accountability for violations, so­me of which may amount to crimes against humanity.”

Since the Council’s 39^th regular session started, on 10 September 2018, the Burundian gov­ern­ment has appeared to be completely isolated. The African group of states acted respon­sibly by refusing to deliver a statement during the debate with the CoI on Burundi or to provide any form of support to its government.

Investigations into the crimes allegedly committed by the Burundian government and the ruling CNDD-FDD party’s youth branch, the Imbonerakure, will proceed, as well as moni­tor­ing of and reporting on the human rights situation in the country. The CoI will also conti­nue to transmit relevant information to the International Criminal Court (ICC), which has open­ed an investigation into the crimes committed in Burundi and may exercise jur­is­dic­tion over its highest officials, including President Pierre Nkurun­ziza.

“In the last three years, Burundi has consistently chosen to insult and attack inde­pen­dent experts, rather than addressing the UN’s damning findings,” said Estella Kabach­wezi, Senior Advocacy and Research Officer, DefendDefenders. “The fact that this resolu­tion was adopted with an overwhelming majority¹ speaks for itself: the inter­national community wants peace, justice and accountability in Burundi, and makes it clear that these are interrelated.”

The UN Human Rights Council, established in 2006, is the UN’s peak human rights body. Its 47 members sit on the Council for a three-year term. Burundi was elected in 2015 for the 2016-2018 period. Immediately after its election, the Council held a special session to ad­dress Bu­rundi’s crisis, and in 2016 it established a Commission of Inquiry. Following the opening of a preliminary examination of Burundi’s situation, in October 2017 the ICC laun­ched a full-fledged investigation, which Burundi’s withdrawal from the Rome Statute of the ICC did not stop.

Ahead of the Council’s 39^th session (10-28 September 2018), DefendDefenders co-signed a letter calling on states to support the extension of the mandate of the CoI on Burundi. Du­ring the session, DefendDefenders launched its last two reports on the country, which exa­mine Burun­di’s appalling record as a Council member and the situation of human rights defenders in exile, respectively.

[1] 23 votes in favour, 7 against, and 17 abstentions.

Les tentatives du gouvernement burundais de faire obstruction au travail de l’ONU sont futiles

Genève-Kampala, 28 septembre 2018 — Les tentatives du gouvernement burundais de fai­re obstruction au travail du Conseil des droits de l’homme de l’ONU (le Conseil) sont futi­les, car elles n’empêcheront en rien la reddition de comptes pour les graves violations des droits humains commises dans le pays, a dit Defend­Defen­ders au­jour­d’hui. Cela fait suite à l’adoption par le Conseil d’une résolution sur la situation des droits humains au Burundi. Celle-ci prolonge le mandat de la Commission d’enquête (CoI), lui permettant de continuer à documenter la situation des droits humains au Burundi et à faire réguliè­re­ment rapport au Conseil.

« Tout au long de son mandat au sein du Conseil, dont il n’aurait jamais dû être élu mem­bre, le Burundi a refusé de coopérer avec les Nations Unies », a déclaré Hassan Shire, direc­teur exécutif de Defend­Defenders. « Le déni quasi-complet des autorités bu­run­daises ne leur permettra ni de mettre un terme aux enquêtes en cours ni de ralen­tir les efforts en faveur de la reddition de comptes pour les vio­­lations commises, dont certaines pourraient être constitutives de cri­mes contre l’humanité ».

Depuis le début de la 39^ème session ordinaire du Conseil, le 10 septembre 2018, le gou­ver­nement burundais est apparu complètement isolé. Le groupe des États africains a fait preu­ve de responsabilité en refusant de lire toute déclaration pendant le débat avec la CoI sur le Burundi et d’apporter une quelconque forme de soutien à son gouvernement.

Les enquêtes sur les crimes dont sont accusés le gouvernement burundais et la branche jeu­nesse du parti CNDD-FDD au pouvoir, les Imbonerakure, vont se poursuivre, de même que la surveillance et la discussion publique de la situation prévalant dans le pays. La CoI conti­nuera également à transmettre toute information pertinente à la Cour pénale inter­na­tionale (CPI), qui a ouvert une enquête sur les crimes commis au Burundi et qui est compé­tente pour juger ses plus hauts responsables, notamment le président Pierre Nku­runziza.

« Au cours des trois dernières années, le Burundi a constamment préféré les insultes et les attaques contre les experts indépendants au fait de répondre aux conclusions ac­cablantes de l’ONU », a dit Estella Ka­ba­ch­wezi, responsable du plaidoyer et de la recher­che pour DefendDefenders. « Le fait que cette réso­lu­tion ait été adoptée à une lar­ge majorité¹ parle de lui-même : la communauté internationale veut la paix, la justice et la redevabilité au Burundi, et elle envoie le message limpide que ces trois éléments sont interdépendants ».

Le Conseil des droits de l’homme de l’ONU, mis en place en 2006, est l’organe onusien le plus important en charge des droits humains. Ses 47 membres sont élus chacun pour un mandat de trois ans. En 2015, le Burundi y a été élu pour la période 2016-2018. Juste après son élection, le Conseil a tenu une session extraordinaire afin de répondre à la crise burun­dai­se et il a, en 2016, établi une Commission d’enquête. À la suite de l’ouverture d’un exa­men préliminaire de la situation burundaise, la CPI a, en octobre 2017, lancé une enquête en bonne et due forme sur le Burundi, que le retrait de ce dernier du Statut de Rome de la CPI n’a pas stoppée.

En amont de la 39^ème session du Conseil (10-28 septembre 2018), DefendDefenders a co-signé une lettre appelant les États à soutenir l’extension du mandat de la CoI sur le Burun­di. Pendant la session, DefendDefenders a lancé ses deux derniers rapports sur le pays, qui examinent respectivement le comportement affligeant du Burundi en tant que membre du Conseil et la situation des défenseurs des droits humains en exil.

[1] 23 votes positifs, 7 négatifs, et 17 abstentions.